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《物种起源》
查尔斯·达尔文 · 1859 年初版
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES
物种起源
CHAPTER III.
第三章
I should premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny.
我首先要说明,我是在广义和比喻的意义上使用“生存斗争”这一术语的:它包括一种生物对另一种生物的依赖,而且不仅涉及个体的生存,还包括更为重要的——能否成功留下后代。
Two canine animals in a time of dearth, may be truly said to struggle with each other which shall get food and live. But a plant on the edge of a desert is said to struggle for life against the drought, though more properly it should be said to be dependent on the moisture.
在食物匮乏时,两只犬科动物为获得食物并存活而相互争斗,确实可以称为生存斗争。但说沙漠边缘的一株植物为生存而与干旱抗争,更准确的说法其实是:它的生存依赖水分。
Charles Darwin · 1859 · Chapter III excerpt
查尔斯·达尔文 · 1859 年 · 第三章节选
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